Premature Birth & Low Birth Weight: Risks and Prevention

Introduction

The birth of a baby is a long-awaited moment for every parent. However, not all babies are born under ideal conditions. Two major health challenges in Indonesia are premature birth (delivery before 37 weeks of pregnancy) and low birth weight (LBW), defined as babies weighing less than 2,500 grams at birth. According to the Ministry of Health, around 11–12% of babies in Indonesia are born with LBW, increasing the risk of both short- and long-term health problems.

What are Premature Birth and LBW?

• Premature birth refers to babies born too early, before their organs are fully developed.

• Low Birth Weight (LBW) can occur in both premature and full-term babies, usually caused by poor maternal nutrition, placental problems, or underlying maternal health conditions.

Impacts of Premature Birth and LBW

Both conditions pose serious health risks, including:

• Respiratory problems: underdeveloped lungs in premature babies.

• Difficulty regulating body temperature: babies are more prone to hypothermia.

• Increased risk of infections: due to an immature immune system.

• Growth and development issues: higher risk of stunting, learning difficulties, and chronic illnesses later in life.

Main Causes

Several factors contribute to the risk of premature birth and LBW:

• Anemia and malnutrition during pregnancy.

• Maternal age that is too young (<20 years) or too old (>35 years).

• Short intervals between pregnancies.

• Stress, hypertension, or medical complications such as diabetes and preeclampsia.

• Smoking, alcohol consumption, or exposure to harmful substances.

Prevention & Management

To reduce the risk of premature birth and LBW, the following steps are crucial:

• Balanced nutrition: increase intake of protein, iron, calcium, and vitamins.

• Regular antenatal care (ANC): to detect risks early.

• Stress management & adequate rest: maintaining a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy.

• Avoid smoking, alcohol, and self-medication.

• Family support: the role of the husband and family greatly influences the mother’s health.

If a baby is born prematurely or with LBW, special care is required, such as treatment in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), exclusive breastfeeding, and regular monitoring of growth and development.

Conclusion

Premature birth and low birth weight remain serious health concerns in Indonesia. However, these risks can be reduced through proper nutrition, regular antenatal checkups, and a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy. With strong support from families and healthcare providers, every mother has the opportunity to give birth to a healthy and strong baby.

👉 For expectant mothers, always consult with Bidan Anggraeni or your nearest healthcare provider to ensure optimal pregnancy care.